The Nature of Science in Islamic Economic Philosophy: An Ontological, Epistemological, and Axiological Analysis

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Published: Jun 1, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15642/jitp.2026.5.2.257-278
Keywords:
Tawhid Paradigm; Ontology, Epistemology, Axiology; Islamic Economics; Positivist Paradigm; Maqasid al-Shariah

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Junia Mayang Sari
Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol Padang
Sherly Sumaiyah
Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol Padang
Fuja Dastiana
Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol Padang
Aidil Novia
Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol Padang

Abstract

This study explores the integration of ontology, epistemology, and axiology within the Tawhidic paradigm in economics. It addresses the dominance of the positivist paradigm in modern economics, which limits knowledge to empirical and value-neutral dimensions while neglecting moral and spiritual aspects. This research employs a qualitative approach based on library research and critical-conceptual analysis, drawing on authoritative sources in the philosophy of science, Islamic economics, and reputable international journal articles. Data are analyzed through close reading, thematic coding, and critical-reflective interpretation. The findings indicate that, ontologically, economic reality is viewed as part of divine creation; epistemologically, knowledge emerges from the integration of revelation and reason; and axiologically, economic activity is directed toward achieving falah and the objectives of maqasid al-shariah. The study also highlights the limitations of the positivist paradigm and contrasts it with the Tawhidic framework, which incorporates ethical and spiritual dimensions into economic analysis. This research contributes to the development of an integrated conceptual framework of Islamic economics and offers a critical alternative to the prevailing positivist paradigm.

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How to Cite
Sari, J. M., Sumaiyah, S., Dastiana, F., & Novia, A. (2026). The Nature of Science in Islamic Economic Philosophy: An Ontological, Epistemological, and Axiological Analysis. Journal of Islamic Thought and Philosophy, 5(2), 257–278. https://doi.org/10.15642/jitp.2026.5.2.257-278
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Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): June
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Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

© The Authors. Published by the Masters Program in Aqidah and Islamic Philosophy, Faculty of Ushuluddin and Philosophy, Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya, Indonesia.

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