INTRODUCTION

Jurnal Review Politik is committed to maintaining the integrity, objectivity, and reliability of every scientific work published. To that end, transparency regarding potential conflicts of interest is very important in order to maintain trust in the publication process. This policy outlines the responsibilities of authors, reviewers, editors, and all journal staff in disclosing and managing any interests that may influence professional judgment or editorial decisions. In its development, Jurnal Review Politik refers to the ethical standards established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

DEFINITION

Conflict of interest (COI) arises when a person's professional judgment in carrying out their academic responsibilities, such as assessing the validity of research, the quality of manuscripts, or the integrity of the review process, is potentially influenced by interests other than their primary duties. Such influence may take the form of:

• Financial interests: for example, involvement in paid work or consulting, ownership of shares or equity, honoraria, research funding currently being received or previously received, ownership or application for patents, royalties, positions as paid advisors, expert testimony, or travel assistance related to the manuscript under review.
• Non-financial interests: such as personal relationships (family or close friends), academic or professional affiliations (ongoing or recently ended collaborations, mentor-student relationships), institutional ties, the existence of works in preparation that may compete with the manuscript, or personal beliefs, including religious or political beliefs directly related to the topic or parties involved in the manuscript submission process.

Having a potential conflict of interest is not unethical behavior; the problem arises when it is not disclosed honestly, thereby undermining trust in the research and publication process. Therefore, this policy applies to all parties involved in the Journal of Political Review, including authors, reviewers, editors, editorial board members, and staff journal.

POLICY

Principle of Full Disclosure

All parties involved in the publication process at Jurnal Review Politik are required to openly and thoroughly disclose any conflicts of interest, both actual and potential, that are relevant to their roles. If there are no such conflicts of interest, an official statement to that effect must be included.

Timing of Disclosure

• Authors: Must disclose all potential conflicts of interest at the time of manuscript submission and, if new conflicts arise during the peer review or revision, must update this information.
• Peer Reviewers: Must declare all possible interests when you receive an invitation to review and before you agree to the assignment. If a new conflict arises during the review, the reviewer must report it immediately.
• Editors and Journal Staff: Must disclose any interests that may influence your editorial duties to the Editor-in-Chief or publisher. If the conflict is deemed significant, you must withdraw from handling the manuscript in question.

Assessment and Management of Disclosed Conflicts

Jurnal Review Politik will review all disclosed interests to assess potential biased against research or interference with editorial decisions. Possible actions include:

• Publishing authors’ conflict-of-interest disclosures alongside the article.
• Reassigning peer reviewers or editors where impartiality may be affected.
• Rejecting manuscripts where a conflict poses a serious risk to research integrity.

Publication of Disclosure Statements

All published article must include a conflict of interest statement. If there are no relevant conflicts of interest, a statement such as “The authors declare no known conflicts of interest” will be included. Funding sources must also be disclosed, including an explanation of the extent to which the funder was involved in the research process. If the funder was not involved at all, this must be clearly stated.

Post-Publication Discovery of Undisclosed Conflicts

If after publication, a significant conflict of interest is discovered that was not disclosed, the Jurnal Review Politik will conduct an investigation in accordance with COPE guidelines. Depending on the severity and impact on scientific integrity, the journal may take corrective measures in the form of corrections, expressions of concern, or even retraction of the article.

IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURES

For Authors

What to Disclose. Authors are required to disclose all financial and non-financial interests that could reasonably be considered to influence their scientific work:

Financial: research funding support, employment or consulting relationships with interested parties, stock ownership, royalties or patents, and honoraria or grants.

Non-financial: institutional or organizational affiliations, personal or academic relationships, or strong ideological views that are directly related to the research topic.

Funding Sources. All forms of research funding must be clearly stated, including the role of the funder (if any) in the study design, data analysis, interpretation of findings, manuscript preparation, or decision to publish. If the funder was not involved in these processes, this must be clearly stated.

How to Disclose. When submitting a manuscript, authors must attach a completed conflict of interest disclosure form. Jurnal Review Politik may use the ICMJE Standard Disclosure Form or the journal's own form. A summary of the disclosure (or a statement that there is no conflict of interest) must also be included in the manuscript, generally placed before the reference list.

Consequences of Non-Disclosure. Failure to disclose relevant interests may result in delay of publication or rejection of the manuscript. If the violation is discovered after the article has been published, further action may include correction or retraction of the article.

For Peer Reviewers

What to Disclose. Reviewers must disclose any circumstances that could affect their objectivity. This includes:

• Recent or ongoing collaborations with authors.
• Personal relationships or professional rivalries.
• Financial interests in the research outcomes or related work.
• Prior involvement with the manuscript or similar submissions.
• Strong opinions are likely to affect impartial judgment.

How to Disclose. Reviewers are required to disclose potential conflicts of interest when accepting an invitation to review. If a conflict is identified during the review process, reviewers must immediately inform the editor.

Action on Disclosure. Reviewers with significant conflicts of interest will be asked to withdraw from the review. The editor will then evaluate the information provided and determine the most appropriate course of action.

For Editors and Journal Staff (Including Editorial Board Members)

What to Disclose. Editors and journal staff must disclose any relationship or interest that may influence—or could reasonably be perceived to influence—their editorial duties. This includes:

• Financial ties to relevant commercial or institutional entities.
• Personal or professional relationships with authors or reviewers.
• Submissions to the journal by themselves or close associates.
• Overlapping research interests with submitted manuscripts.

How to Disclose. All forms of disclosure must be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief or publisher. Jurnal Review Politik may also provide a list of editor declarations that is accessible to the public and updated regularly.

Management and Recusal. Editors or staff who have significant conflicts of interest must recuse themselves from the editorial process related to the manuscript. A neutral editor or editorial board member will be appointed to take over. Manuscripts written by journal editors will be reviewed through an independent peer review process to ensure objectivity.

Journal-Level Conflicts of Interest

Jurnal Review Politik and its publisher are committed to maintaining editorial independence. The journal's operational system is designed so that editorial decisions are not influenced by commercial, institutional, or ideological interests. If conflicts arise at the journal or institutional level, they will be resolved openly and transparently.

Record Keeping

Jurnal Review Politik keeps confidential records of all conflicts of interest reported by authors, reviewers, editors, and editorial staff.
This policy is designed to strengthen transparency, ensure compliance with ethical standards, and maintain public trust in the research published by Jurnal Review Politik. This policy will also be reviewed and updated periodically to keep pace with best practices in the academic publishing world.